Abstract Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a deleterious expansion phenomenon affecting concrete structures worldwide. It occurs when a susceptible chemical composition of concrete components is present, and it is particularly rampant in inherently humid environments. This phenomenon is exacerbated when found in mass concrete structures such as dams and foundations. The amount of volumetric ASR strain used to be deemed as nearly constant, however, recent advances have shown that it is actually affected by the distribution of volumetric stresses. Therefore, this behavior demands an update in the numerical models that have been devised to simulate the anisotropic ASR-driven expansion. This paper deals with Saouma & Perotti’s thermo-chemo-mechanical coupled model, which has been applied in a solely mechanical manner, and updated to account for a varying volumetric strain. A simulation of the experiment that shed new light on the variation of ASR volumetric strain was then carried out with the finite element method package COMSOL. As a result, significantly smaller errors in predicted strains were attained by the updated model in comparison to the original one, and consequently, the new model poses a promising tool for a more accurate simulation of ASR expansion.

Resumo A reação álcali-agregado é um fenômeno expansivo e deletério que afeta estruturas de concreto em todo o mundo. Ela ocorre quando existe uma composição quimicamente susceptível de componentes do concreto, e é particularmente pronunciada em ambientes inerentemente úmidos. Este fenômeno é exacerbado em estruturas de concreto-massa, como represas e fundações. Anteriormente a deformação volumétrica das reações álcali-agregado era tida como quase constante, entretanto, avanços recentes mostraram que esta é, de fato, afetada pela distribuição das tensões volumétricas. Portanto, este comportamento demanda uma atualização nos modelos numéricos que foram desenvolvidos para simular a expansão anisotrópica induzida pela RAA. Este artigo lida com o modelo termo-quimo-mecânico de Saouma e Perotti, o qual foi aplicado em maneira puramente mecânica, e atualizado para uma deformação volumétrica variável. Uma simulação do experimento que que trouxe uma nova luz sobre a variação da deformação volumétrica foi então empreendida com o pacote do método de elementos finitos COMSOL. Como resultado, erros significativamente menores nas deformações preditas foram obtidos pelo modelo atualizado, em comparação com o modelo original, e, consequentemente, o novo modelo posta-se como uma simulação mais acurada da expansão devida à RAA.

Abstract: This research had its focus on the hospitality of the urban tourist space, whose theme has been explored in other studies or research experiences of the authors. The focus of the analysis is the built space: infrastructure, urban landscape and environmental quality of tourist destinations and their relations with hospitality. In this perspective, it is noteworthy that some of these works have already been submitted to journals or scientific events, aiming also, in this way, to ensure a peer review. The destination of Praia do Forte in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador is a traditional and historical place from the point of view of human occupation of the territory and from the point of view of recent tourist occupation. Thus, the main objective of this research was to analyze conditions of the physical hospitality of this consolidated tourist destination. It is a destination located on the coast, endowed with unique natural landscapes, where the historical-cultural memory marks the built landscape, besides the recent tourist demand accentuated due to cultural attributes and environmental preservation. The methodology is based on descriptive and qualitative research with an empirical and sensorial approach, supported by documentary, bibliographic and iconographic research. The data were analyzed in the light of the interpretative method, focused on the concepts and paradigms that support the studies of hospitality of the built space, aiming to contribute to the methods of analysis of the urban hospitality of tourist destinations. The results of the analysis demonstrate the performance of this tourist destination in each of the analysis categories: accessibility, legibility and identity.

Resumen: Esta investigación se centró en la hospitalidad del espacio turístico urbano, cuyo tema ha sido explorado en otros estudios o experiencias de investigación de los autores. El foco del análisis es el espacio construido: infraestructura, paisaje urbano y calidad ambiental de los destinos turísticos y sus relaciones con la hospitalidad. En esta perspectiva, cabe destacar que algunos de estos trabajos ya han sido presentados a revistas o eventos científicos, pretendiendo también, de esta forma, garantizar una revisión por pares. El destino de Praia do Forte, en la Región Metropolitana de Salvador, es un lugar tradicional e histórico desde el punto de vista de la ocupación humana del territorio y desde el punto de vista de la reciente ocupación turística. Así, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar las condiciones de hospitalidad física de este consolidado destino turístico. Se trata de un destino situado en la costa, dotado de paisajes naturales únicos, donde la memoria histórico-cultural marca el paisaje construido, además de la reciente demanda turística acentuada en virtud de los atributos culturales y la preservación del medio ambiente. La metodología se basa en una investigación descriptiva y cualitativa con enfoque empírico y sensorial, apoyada en investigación documental, bibliográfica e iconográfica. Los datos fueron analizados a la luz del método interpretativo, centrado en los conceptos y paradigmas que sustentan los estudios de la hospitalidad del espacio construido, con el objetivo de contribuir a los métodos de análisis de la hospitalidad urbana de los destinos turísticos. Los resultados del análisis demuestran el desempeño de este destino turístico en cada una de las categorías de análisis: accesibilidad, legibilidad e identidad.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve o seu enfoque na hospitalidade do espaço turístico urbano, cujo tema tem sido explorado em outros estudos ou experiências de pesquisa dos autores. O foco da análise é o espaço edificado: infraestrutura, paisagem urbana e qualidade ambiental das destinações turísticas e suas relações com a hospitalidade. Nessa perspectiva, ressalta-se que alguns desses trabalhos já foram submetidos a revistas ou eventos científicos, visando também, desta maneira, a assegurar uma avaliação por pares. O destino de Praia do Forte na Região Metropolitana de Salvador é uma localidade tradicional e histórica, do ponto de vista da ocupação humana do território e do ponto de vista da recente ocupação turística. Assim, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar condições da hospitalidade física desse destino turístico consolidado. Trata-se de um destino localizado no litoral, dotado de paisagens naturais singulares, onde a memória histórico-cultural marca a paisagem edificada, além da demanda turística recente acentuada, em virtude dos atributos culturais e da preservação ambiental. A metodologia está amparada na pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa com uma abordagem empírica e sensorial, apoiada na pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e iconográfica. Os dados foram analisados à luz do método interpretativo, focado nos conceitos e paradigmas que dão suporte aos estudos da hospitalidade do espaço edificado, visando a contribuir com os métodos de análise da hospitalidade urbana dos destinos turísticos. Os resultados da análise demonstram o desempenho deste destino turístico em cada uma das categorias de análise: acessibilidade, legibilidade e identidade.

RESUMEN El relato de los hechos del auto de apertura a juicio describe, con proposiciones fácticas, el hecho histórico supuestamente acaecido en el mundo real y conjeturado por la acusación fiscal como lo ocurrido en la realidad. Se desarrolló este estudio con el objetivo de analizar la construcción del relato de los hechos en los autos de apertura a juicio oral, dictados por los Juzgados Penales de Garantía de Salto del Guairá entre febrero de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño documental. Fueron sometidos a análisis temático todos los relatos de los hechos de todas las resoluciones emitidas por los mencionados juzgados en el lapso comprendido entre febrero de 2019 y febrero del 2020, sobre la base de criterios preestablecidos. Los análisis permitieron generar categorías descriptivas de los aspectos discursivos de los relatos de hechos que afectan o impiden la refutabilidad de los mismos. De 70 relatos analizados, solo uno cumplió con todos los criterios. El estudio muestra patrones recurrentes de prácticas aberrantes de construcción de los relatos. El análisis pone de manifiesto la vulneración del derecho a la defensa y la consecuente degradación de garantías consagradas en la Constitución de la República del Paraguay.

ABSTRACT The account of the facts describes, with factual propositions, the historical event that supposedly occurred in the real world and conjectured by the prosecution as what actually happened. This study was developed with the objective of analyzing the propriety of the construction of the account of the facts in the opening proceedings of a public trial, issued by the Criminal Guarantee Courts of Salto del Guairá between February 2019 and February of 2020. A qualitative study was carried out. All the accounts of the facts of all the resolutions issued by the aforementioned courts in the period between February 2019 and February 2020 were subjected to thematic analysis based on pre-established criteria. The analysis allowed the generation of descriptive categories of the discursive aspects of the account of the facts, that affect or impede their refutation. Of 70 accounts analyzed, only one met all the criteria for propriety. The study shows recurrent patterns of aberrant practices in the construction of accounts. The analysis highlights the violation of the right to defense and the consequent degradation of guarantees expressly enshrined in the National Constitution of Paraguay.

Resumen La presente investigación demuestra que el proceso de vacancia presidencial como resultado de un juicio político que le sigue el parlamento al presidente de la República por su permanente incapacidad moral, a la luz de la doctrina constitucional (sentencia del TC 0006-2003-AIITC), es un proceso constitucional válido, al contrario de lo que afirman algunos juristas y actores políticos. Consideramos, con base en el derecho comparado y la doctrina, que el juicio político por una mala conducta en el encargo o incapacidad moral en el ejercicio de la función cometida por el presidente, respetando el derecho al debido proceso, que compruebe objetivamente actos de corrupción, deficiencia grave en la gestión de lo público y excesos que afecten el equilibrio de poderes; que generen una crisis de profunda gobernabilidad, debe estar regulado en el artículo 117 de la Constitución como parte del juicio político conocido como "acusación constitucional, para que este juicio no sea tan sólo por infringir la Constitución".

Abstract The present investigation demonstrates that the process of presidential vacancy as a result of a political trial that follows the parliament to the president of the republic for his permanent moral incapacity, in light of the constitutional doctrine judgment of the TC No 0006-2003-AIITC) it is a valid constitutional process contrary to what some jurists and political actors affirm. We consider, in the light of comparative law and doctrine, that impeachment for misconduct in the function or moral incapacity in the exercise of the function committed by the president, respecting the right to due process that objectively proves acts of corruption, deficiency serious in the management of the public and excesses that affect the balance of powers; that generate a crisis of profound governability. It must be regulated in article 117 of the Constitution as part of the political trial known as constitutional accusation, so that this trial is not only for violating the constitution.

Resumen El uso de silicio (Si) y cloro (Cl) permite que las plantas incrementen favorablemente el crecimiento y desarrollo, ya que contribuyen al aumento del peso seco de las plantas y biosíntesis de clorofila, así como la resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos. La investigación se realizó para esclarecer el resultado que ocasiona la aplicación de Si y Cl en el crecimiento de plántulas de pepino y tomate. Para ello, se sembró pepino ‘Paraiso F1’ y tomate F3 en charolas de poliestireno con 242 cavidades rellenas de peat moss. Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, donde los tratamientos fueron: 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Si 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Cl, 20:20, 30:30 y 50:50 mg L-1 de Si:Cl un testigo absoluto y cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Las variables de respuesta fueron verdor foliar, altura de planta, área foliar, peso seco de la parte aérea y de raíz en plántulas de pepino y tomate. En plántulas de pepino, el verdor foliar se incrementó 18.7% y 4.6% con 20 y 50 mg L-1 de Si y Cl, respectivamente. La combinación de 20:20 mg L-1 de Si:Cl aumentó un 30.2% la biomasa de la parte aérea. Mientras que, en plántulas de tomate, tratadas con 30 mg L-1 Si y en mezcla con Cl a concentración 30:30 mg L-1 su altura fue de 31.9% y 25.1% con respecto a las plántulas testigo. La biomasa seca de raíz se aumentó significativamente con la aplicación de Si (20 y 30 mg L-1), Cl (20 y 50 mg L-1) y en combinación 30:30 (mg L-1).

Abstract The use of silicon (Si) and chlorine (Cl) allows plants to favorably increase growth and development, as they contribute to the increase in dry weight of plants and chlorophyll biosynthesis, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. The research was carried out to clarify the result caused by the application of Si and Cl in the growth of cucumber and tomato seedlings. For this, cucumber ‘Paraiso F1’ and tomato F3 were sown in polystyrene trays with 242 cavities filled with peat moss. The experimental design of randomized complete blocks was used, where the treatments were: 20, 30 and 50 mg L-1 of Si, 20, 30 and 50 mg L-1 of Cl, 20:20, 30:30 and 50:50 mg L-1 of Si:Cl, one absolute control and four repetitions per treatment. The response variables were leaf greenness, plant height, leaf area, dry weight of the aerial part and root in cucumber and tomato seedlings. In cucumber seedlings, leaf greenness increased by 18.7% and 4.6% with 20 and 50 mg L-1 of Si and Cl, respectively. The combination of 20:20 mg L-1 of Si:Cl increased the biomass of the aerial part by 30.2%. While, in tomato seedlings treated with 30 mg L-1 of Si and in mixture with Cl at concentration 30:30 mg L-1, their height was 31.9% and 25.1% with respect to the control seedlings. Dry root biomass was significantly increased with the application of Si (20 and 30 mg L-1), Cl (20 and 50 mg L-1) and in combination 30:30 (mg L-1).

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El síndrome de Andersen Tawil es una canalopatía multisistémica genética, muy rara, sin alteración cardiaca estructural, heredada de manera autosómica dominante y causada por mutación en el gen KCNJ2. Este síndrome se caracteriza por una triada de parálisis muscular periódica, cambios en el electrocardiograma y estructurales corporales. El rasgo distintivo es la taquicardia ventricular bidireccional, las contracciones ventriculares prematuras y raramente taquicardia polimórfica tipo torsade de pointes. En la actualidad se carece de guías para el peri y postparto y para la prevención de arritmias. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 21 años, embarazada, con síndrome de Andersen Tawil diagnosticado a esta edad, con base en los antecedentes de síncope de repetición y debilidad en las extremidades desde los 11 años. Recibía tratamiento con un beta-bloqueador y un desfibrilador automático implantable. La ecocardiografía fetal a las 23 y 33 semanas de gestación reportó una comunicación interventricular apical de 1.6 mm. A las 39 semanas de embarazo se practicó una cesárea electiva, con evolución posoperatoria satisfactoria. El estudio molecular dirigido al recién nacido descartó el síndrome de Andersen Tawil congénito. CONCLUSIÓN: En pacientes con síndromes de arritmia congénita, el embarazo puede ser seguro siempre y cuando un grupo de especialistas esté pendiente para tomar decisiones de atención y tratamiento durante todo el proceso del embarazo y puerperio.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Andersen Tawil syndrome is a very rare genetic multisystemic channelopathy without structural cardiac alteration, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and caused by mutation in the KCNJ2 gene. This syndrome is characterised by a triad of periodic muscle paralysis, electrocardiogram and body structural changes. The hallmark is bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions and rarely polymorphic torsade de pointes tachycardia. Currently there is a lack of guidelines for peri- and postpartum and arrhythmia prevention. CLINICAL CASE: 21-year-old pregnant patient with Andersen-Tawil syndrome diagnosed at this age, based on a history of repeated syncope and weakness in the extremities since the age of 11. She was being treated with a beta-blocker and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Fetal echocardiography at 23 and 33 weeks gestation reported an apical ventricular septal defect of 1.6 mm. Elective caesarean section was performed at 39 weeks of pregnancy, with satisfactory postoperative evolution. Molecular study of the newborn ruled out congenital Andersen-Tawil syndrome. CONCLUSION: In patients with congenital arrhythmia syndromes, pregnancy can be safe as long as it is managed by a group of experts to make decisions and optimise care throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

ABSTRACT Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured in the urban area of San Luis Potosí (Mexico) using a remote sensing technique based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in zenith-sky configuration. Measurements were taken from July to August 2015. In this technique, scattered sunlight in the atmosphere is collected by a telescope and carried onto a linear array-based spectrometer at ground level. During the measurement period, the maximum NO2 levels (2.3 × 1016 molecules cm-2) were found at around 11:00 LT, whereas NO2 levels fell on days with wind speeds lower than 1.5 m s-1. NO2 levels were compared and explained with the behavior of meteorological data such as wind speed, relative humidity, and surface temperature obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.

RESUMEN Se midió la concentración atmosférica de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) en el área urbana de San Luis Potosí (México) mediante la técnica de espectroscopia de absorción óptica diferencial (DOAS, por su sigla en inglés), utilizando una configuración cenital. Las mediciones se realizaron de julio a agosto de 2015. En esta técnica, se recolecta la luz solar dispersa en la atmósfera por medio de un telescopio y se hace incidir sobre un espectrómetro que cuenta con un arreglo lineal de detectores a nivel del suelo. Durante el periodo de medición, los niveles máximos de NO2 (2.3 × 1016 moleculas cm-2) se encontraron alrededor de las 11:00 LT, mientras que los niveles de NO2 cayeron en los días con velocidades de viento inferiores a 1.5 m s-1. Los niveles de NO2 se compararon con el comportamiento de los datos meteorológicos como velocidad del viento, humedad relativa y temperatura superficial obtenidos del modelo de pronóstico de investigación meteorológica (WRF).

Resumen Introducción: La obstrucción intestinal por ingesta accidental de cuerpos extraños se presenta muy rara vez en la edad pediátrica debido a que del 80 al 90% de los objetos pueden pasar libremente por el tracto gastrointestinal. Caso clínico: Se aborda el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 1 año 2 meses quien presentó obstrucción intestinal debido a la ingesta de esferas de hidrogel (poliacrilato de sodio). Dichas esferas, que son utilizadas como juguetes didácticos o sensoriales, aumentan de 200 a 400 veces su tamaño inicial mediante la absorción de agua. Se realizó radiografía abdominal en proyección decúbito supino, donde llamó la atención el hallazgo de defecto de llenado redondeado en asa de flanco derecho, ya que las esferas de hidrogel son radiolúcidas. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante ultrasonido abdominal, donde se reportó líquido libre peritoneal con datos de suboclusión por cuerpos extraños a nivel intestinal. Se indicó tratamiento conservador, encontrando persistencia de aumento de perímetro abdominal. Se realizó enterotomía y se encontraron las esferas impactadas a 30 centímetros de la válvula ileocecal. Conclusiones: Las esferas de hidrogel son peligrosas para la población pediátrica. La evolución de la paciente fue favorable debido al conocimiento del objeto extraño ingerido. Sobresale la conducta expectante que se tuvo que desempeñar debido a que se desconocía el crecimiento de las esferas y en qué momento no podrían continuar su paso por el tracto gastrointestinal.

Abstract Background: Bowel obstruction due to accidental ingestion of foreign objects occurs rarely in children because 80 to 90% of the objects can pass freely through the gastrointestinal tract. Case report: We report a case of a 14-month-old infant who presented bowel obstruction caused by the ingestion of hydrogel beads (sodium polyacrylate). Hydrogel beads are used as sensory and didactic toys that can increase their initial size 200 to 400 times by liquid absorption. An abdominal X-ray was perfomed in anteroposterior supine projection, where a round filling defect at the loop of the right flank was detected; this came to our attention because hydrogel beads are usually radiolucent. The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound where free intraperitoneal fluid was reported with data of small bowel pseudo-obstruction by foreign objects. Conservative treatment was prescribed, finding persistence of increased abdominal perimeter, so an enterotomy was performed for their removal; finding impacted hydrogel beads 30 centimeters from the ileocecal valve. Conclusions: Hydrogel beads are dangerous for the pediatric population. The evolution of the patient was favorable thanks to the knowledge of the foreign objects ingested. The expectant behavior that had to be executed, stands out because we had no knowledge as to the maximum size of the hydrogel in the gastrointestinal tract.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad de las embarazadas conforme al trimestre de la gestación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, correlacional y transversal efectuado en mujeres en curso del primer, segundo y tercer trimestre del embarazo atendidas en el Centro de Salud Base San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú, entre diciembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022, a quienes se les aplicó el instrumento de tamizaje de ansiedad prenatal (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale [PASS]) y su variación según el trimestre del embarazo con las pruebas de χ2, Kruskall-Wallis y ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 153 pacientes en los tres trimestres del embarazo en quienes se encontró: ansiedad prenatal en el 69.9% (n = 107); ansiedad leve en 45.8% (n = 70) y ansiedad moderada-severa en 24.2% (n = 37). El porcentaje es mayor de 100% porque no en todos los trimestres se encontraron síntomas depresivos. Solo 30.1% (n = 46) de las embarazadas no tuvieron síntomas de ansiedad prenatal. La puntuación de ansiedad global mostró un comportamiento diferente según el trimestre de gestación (ANOVA: p = 0,006), con predominio de mayor ansiedad en el primer trimestre seguido del tercero. La comparación por parejas solo mostró diferencias significativas en la puntuación de ansiedad entre el primer y el tercer trimestre (test de Tukey: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: Más de la mitad de las embarazadas cursó con ansiedad, sobre todo en el primer y tercer trimestre y menor en el segundo.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the anxiety level of pregnant women according to the trimester of gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, analytical and prospective study of a random sample of pregnant women attended in a first level facility of the Ministry of Health (MINSA). Anxiety was assessed with the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and its variation according to the trimester of pregnancy with the χ2, Kruskall-Wallis and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy was 69.9% (n = 107) in a sample of 153 patients. Except for the social anxiety dimension (p > 0.05), significant differences were found in the scores of the anxiety dimensions by trimester. They were highest in the first, followed by the third trimester (p < 0.05). The global anxiety score showed different behavior by trimester of pregnancy (ANOVA: p = 0.006), with predominance of higher anxiety in the first trimester followed by the third trimester. Comparison by couples only showed significant differences in anxiety score between the first and third trimester (Tukey test: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the pregnant women had anxiety, especially in the first and third trimester and less in the second trimester.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los cuidados en el consultorio y en el hogar ante la vacunación infantil desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras y las madres. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa con diseño etnográfico, la muestra fueron 12 enfermeras, y 11 madres oriundas de Olmos-Perú. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la entrevista etnográfica y observación participante registrados en un diario de campo, y procesados mediante análisis temático. Resultados: a) Cuidados en el consultorio para calmar al niño durante la vacunación, b) Educación sobre las reacciones postvacunales para los cuidados en el hogar, c) Cuidados en el hogar ante las reacciones postvacunales. Conclusión: Algunos de los cuidados que realizan las madres en su hogar, divergen con los cuidados que recomienda el profesional de enfermería en el consultorio de atención integral del niño.

Abstract To describe and analyze the intercultural nurse-mother strategies during child immunization. Methods: Qualitative research with ethnographic design, the sample was 12 nurses and 11 mothers from Olmos-Peru. The data was collected through the ethnographic interview and participant observation recorded in a field diary, and processed through thematic analysis. Results: a) Office care to calm the child during vaccination, b) Education on post-vaccination reactions for home care, c) Home care for post-vaccination reactions. Conclusion: Some of the care performed by mothers at home diverges from the care recommended by thenursing professional in the child's comprehensive care office.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and clinical profile of women deprived of their liberty and to identify the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human papillomavirus through self-sampling samples. METHODS: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study of the prevalence and correlation of the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection in 268 encarcered women in Amazonas submitted to self-sampling from June 2019 to September 2020 using the genotyping analysis. Patients with positive and inconclusive results were evaluated by commercialized PCR to detect pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases. The sample size used was based on a convenience sample. RESULTS: In 268 women, human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 87 (32.5%) of them. Sexually transmitted diseases were detected in 30 (34.48%) of the 87 women with a positive or inconclusive result for human papillomavirus. Women with more than three pregnancies had a higher risk of human papillomavirus detection (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted diseases in encarcered women in Amazonas is 32.5 and 34.48%, respectively. Most women were single (60.4%) and reported having had more than 15 partners (90.8%).

Abstract We propose a symbolic investigation of two publications posted on Instagram by Heineken and Carrefour. This choice was made because they represent the idea of “political correctness”. The objective is to analyze these communications from an imaginary theories perspective, as suggested by M. Contrera, G. Durand, C. Jung, and others, as this action allows the identification of hidden aspects in the publications and the perception of what information is there, however, in addition to the obviousness of commercial interests that aim to reinforce the brand’s good public reputation. Our conclusions suggest that it is possible to change this biased perception by building a critical mass sufficiently qualified to recognize these mechanisms that lead to communication one-sidedness.

Resumen Se propone la investigación simbólica de dos publicaciones en Instagram por Heineken y Carrefour. Esta elección se hizo porque representan la idea de “corrección política”. El objetivo es analizar estas comunicaciones a la luz de teorías imaginarias, como lo sugieren M. Contrera, G. Durand, C. Jung y otros, ya que esta acción permite identificar aspectos ocultos en las publicaciones y la percepción de qué información hay allí, sin embargo, además de la evidencia de intereses comerciales que apuntan a reforzar la buena reputación pública de la marca. Las conclusiones sugieren que es posible cambiar esta percepción sesgada construyendo una masa crítica, suficientemente calificada para reconocer estos mecanismos que conducen a la unilateralidad de la comunicación.

Resumo Propõe-se a investigação simbólica de duas publicações postadas no Instagram pela Heineken e pelo Carrefour. Essa escolha se deu por estas representarem a ideia do “politicamente correto”. O objetivo é analisar estas comunicações à luz das teorias do imaginário, conforme sugerem M. Contrera, G. Durand, C. Jung e outros, pois tal ação permite a identificação de aspectos escamoteados nas publicações e a percepção de quais informações estão ali, porém, além das obviedades dos interesses comerciais que visam reforçar a boa reputação pública da marca. As conclusões sugerem que é possível a mudança dessa percepção enviesada a partir da construção de uma massa crítica, suficientemente capacitada para reconhecer estes mecanismos que levam a uma unilateralidade comunicacional.

ABSTRACT Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), known as ‘camapu’, has pharmacological and agroindustrial potentials, but information on the ecophysiological aspects that influence germination is scarce. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the expression of the physiological potential of P. angulata seeds as a function of the maturation stage, temperature, substrate and light condition. Four experiments were conducted: in the first, the maturation stages (green calyx + fruit, yellow calyx + fruit and light brown calyx + fruit) were evaluated at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C, separately; in the second, the interaction between the temperatures of 35, 40 and 45 °C and types of substrate (on paper, between paper and between vermiculite) was tested in a 3x3 factorial scheme (temperatures as the first factor and types of substrates as the second factor); in the third experiment, the effect of light (absence of light, white light, red and far-red light) was evaluated; and, in the fourth, increasing values of photoperiods (0, 8, 12 and 16 hours) were used. In all experiments, the design was completely randomized with four replicates of 50 seeds. Analysis of the results showed that there was no interaction between the temperatures and the substrates tested, demonstrating the isolated action of the factors. P. angulata seeds expressed better physiological potential when the calyx and fruit are yellow. In the germination test, the seeds should be sown between paper towels, under temperature of 35 °C and absence of light.

RESUMO Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), conhecida por camapu, possui potenciais farmacológico e agroindustrial, porém são escassas as informações sobre os aspectos ecofisiológicos que influenciam a germinação. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a expressão do potencial fisiológico de sementes de P. angulata em função do estádio de maturação, temperatura, substrato e condição luminosa. Para isso, conduziram-se quatro experimentos: no primeiro, avaliou-se os estádios de maturação (cálice + fruto verdes, cálice + fruto amarelos e cálice + fruto marrom-claros) nas temperaturas de 25; 30 e 35 °C, separadamente; no segundo, testouse a interação entre as temperaturas 35; 40 e 45°C e tipos de substrato (sobre papel, entre papel e entre vermiculita) em esquema fatorial 3x3 (sendo o primeiro fato as temperaturas e o segundo os tipos de substratos); no terceiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito da luz (ausência de luz, luz branca, luz na frequência do vermelho e do vermelho-distante); e, no quarto, utilizaram-se valores crescentes de fotoperíodos (0; 8; 12 e 16 horas). Em todos os experimentos o delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na análise dos resultados foi visto que não houve interação entre as temperaturas e os substratos testados, demonstrando a atuação isolada dos fatores. As sementes de P. angulata expressaram melhor potencial fisiológico quando o cálice e o fruto estão amarelos. No teste de germinação, as sementes devem ser semeadas entre papel toalha, sob a temperatura de 35 °C e ausência de luz.

Résumé Cette étude a analysé la relation entre le travail et la santé de personnes qui ont exercé leur activité dans des services de santé face au COVID-19. Elle a compté avec la participation de 108 professionnels travaillant dans l’Etat de Paraíba - Brésil. Un questionnaire a été utilisé, afin de caractériser les états de santé, l’organisation et les conditions de travail, l'accès à la formation et la disponibilité des équipements de protection individuelle (EPI). Les données recueillies, analysées à l’aide du référentiel de la clinique de l'activité, soulignent qu'il y avait peu d'offre de formation et d’exercices pratiques permettant de mieux agir face à la pandémie. Par ailleurs, ces professionnels disent avoir vécu des conditions et des organisations du travail qui n'ont pas intégré les questions de leur santé mentale. Ont été également mentionnés : peu de reconnaissance sociale, de faibles rémunérations, ainsi que les effets négatifs, sur le plan de leur activité de travail, de problèmes de gestion publique et des établissements de santé.

Abstract This study analyzed the relationship between work and health of COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers. 108 professionals from the state of Paraíba participated through a questionnaire aimed at characterizing the health, organization and working conditions, and the access to training and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of these professionals. The results, analyzed through the lens of the Activity Clinic, indicate that the workers experienced unsatisfactory working conditions and a work organization that did not prioritize mental health nor offered enough courses and training to act with COVID-19. In addition, there was little social recognition, low remuneration of these professionals and problems in the management of the pandemic by the government and health institutions, which negatively impacted the work activity of these workers.

Resumen Este estudio analizó la relación entre el trabajo y la salud de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19. Participaron 108 profesionales del estado de Paraíba - Brasil, a través de un cuestionario destinado a caracterizar las condiciones de salud, organización y trabajo, acceso a la formación y a Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI) de estos profesionales. Los resultados producidos, reflejados a la luz de la Clínica de la Actividad, indican que los trabajadores experimentaron condiciones laborales insatisfactorias y una organización del trabajo que no priorizaba la salud mental y que presentaba dificultades para ofrecer formación y capacitación para actuar frente a la COVID-19. Además, existe poco reconocimiento social, baja remuneración de estos profesionales y problemas en la gestión de la pandemia por parte del gobierno y las instituciones de salud, lo que impactó negativamente en la actividad laboral de estos trabajadores.

Resumo Este estudo analisou a relação entre trabalho e saúde de pessoas que realizaram a sua atividade em serviços de saúde que atuaram no enfrentamento à COVID-19. Participaram 108 profissionais na Paraíba - Brasil. Um questionário foi utilizado a fim de caracterizar a saúde, a organização e condições de trabalho, o acesso a treinamentos e a Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI). Os resultados produzidos, analisados com o aporte da Clínica da Atividade, apontam que havia pouca oferta de formações e treinamentos para atuar frente à pandemia e que eles vivenciaram condições e organizações do trabalho que não priorizaram sua saúde mental. Além disso, houve pouco reconhecimento social, baixa remuneração e problemas na gestão da pandemia pelo poder público e por instituições de saúde, o que impactou negativamente sua atividade de trabalho.

Resumen La violencia en contra de las mujeres en la pareja heterosexual, además de ser un tema muy complejo, es un problema de salud pública. Este trabajo contribuye a profundizar no solamente en el tipo de unión conyugal (cohabitación y matrimonio), sino también toma en cuenta las circunstancias en donde ocurre para explicar tanto en mujeres indígenas como no indígenas su relación con la magnitud y la gravedad de las expresiones de maltrato físico en Chiapas, México. El estudio fue realizado a través de un enfoque cuantitativo con base en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares 2016 (ENDIREH); se incluyeron 2604 mujeres de 15 a 49 años, actualmente unidas, indígenas y mestizas. Los resultados mostraron que la unión libre es más frecuente en las indígenas y se asocia significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de violencia física en sus distintas formas; adicionalmente, las circunstancias en las cuales esta se establece dan cuenta de la variación en la frecuencia de las agresiones, sobre todo cuando las mujeres son forzadas a unirse. La desventaja social de las mujeres subyace al tipo y las circunstancias de unión, destaca su participación o ausencia al decidir y los aspectos normativos que rigen la materia en Chiapas. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz del cambio reproductivo y el compromiso de los varones en el establecimiento de la unión como elementos constitutivos de la cohabitación y el matrimonio, así como de la violencia íntima de pareja.

Abstract Violence against women in heterosexual couples is not only a very complex issue, but also a public health problem. The work contributes to the study not only in the type of conjugal union (cohabitation and marriage) but also taking into account the circumstances in which the union occurs, to explain both in indigenous and non-indigenous women their relationship with the magnitude and severity of the expressions of physical violence against women in Chiapas. The study was conducted through a quantitative approach taking as a basis data from the National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships 2016 (ENDIREH); 2604 women aged 15 to 49 years, currently in union, indigenous and mestizo were included. The results show that free union is more frequent in indigenous women and that this type of union is significantly associated with a higher probability of occurrence of physical violence in its different expressions. Additionally, the circumstances in which the union is established provide evidence of differences in the frequency of physical violence in them, particularly when women are forced to join. The social disadvantage of women underlies the type and circumstances in which the union occurs, highlighting the participation or not of women in the decision to join and the normative aspects that govern unions in Chiapas, Mexico. Results are discussed in light of reproductive change and male involvement in the establishment of the union as elements underlying both cohabitation or marriage and intimate partner violence.